PPLの場合※ Flight Review
目的：PICとしてフライトするため。（旅客なし）※有効期限24か月間以内の場合。
いつ：PICとしてフライトできる有効期間である24か月以内に
どこで：フライトスクールにて
何を：1時間以上の地上レッスンと、１時間以上のフライトレッスン
どの様に：authorized instructorに確認してもらい、Endocement（サイン）をもらう。
目的： PICとしてフライトするため。（旅客なし） ※有効期限24か月間を過ぎた場合。
いつ：PICとしてフライトできる有効期間を過ぎてしまってから
どこで：フライトスクールにて
何を：Flight Proficiency check（飛行熟練度チェック）を
どの様に：Examiner（試験官）に確認してもらう。（Check ride同等の試験内容だそうです。）
PPL＆IFR共通※ flight experience
目的： PICとして友人を連れてフライトするために。（旅客あり） ※PIC有効期限24か月間以内。
いつ：旅客である友人を連れて日中フライトする前90日以内に
どこで：フライトスクールにて
誰が：自分で
何を：離着陸の練習
どの様に：3回のTakeoff / Landing を 昼間に行う。 夜間の場合には、 3回のTakeoff / Landing をFull stop and taxibackで行う。
※Tail planeの場合は、昼間であっても 3回のTakeoff / LandingをFull stop and taxibackで行う。
IFRの場合
目的：PICとしてIFRでフライトするため。
条件：
（１）IFRが必要な状況とは？
- IMC（ instrument meteorological conditions：計器飛行になる状況）の場合
- CLASS Aを飛行する場合
- Special VFRで夜に飛行する場合
（２）PICとしてIFRライセンス有効化の条件は？（Currency Requirement）
何を：IFR Currentの状態で、下記条件を6か月以内に行っていること。
覚え方：6ＨＩＴｓ
- 6 approaches
- Holding
- Intercepting
- Tracking
何で：同じカテゴリーの機体で
誰と：自分の操作で、Safety pilotと。
どの様に：Actual（実際の計器飛行） 若しくはSimulated instrument condition（Hood glassesを使用した仮想計器飛行）を行う。
（３）PICとしてフライトできる有効期限について
この内容が結構こんがらがりやすいので、条件別に記載します。
上記”6HITｓ”は常に累積回数としてカウントされます。下記の赤字は「有効回数」を表しています。黄色は有効期間になります。
Cace 1. もし1月にライセンスを取得した場合、PICとしてフライトできるのは7月末まで。
Case 2.1月から累積して5月までに6HITを完了していた場合には、7月末まで。
Case 3. 4月から累積して8月までに6HITを完了していた場合には、10月末まで。
となります。
（4）期限別の諸条件
Current の場合
6HITｓをSame categoryで Actual（実際の計器飛行） 若しくはSimulated instrument condition（Hood glassesを使用した仮想計器飛行）を行う。 （（2）と同じ）
期限が切れて6か月以内の場合
方法は2つ
- 6HITｓの累積で足りない回数分、Same categoryで Actual（実際の計器飛行） 若しくはSimulated instrument condition（Hood glassesを使用した仮想計器飛行）をSafety pilotと行う。 ※但しPICでのフライトは不可。
- Instrument Proficiency Check（IPC）を受けて合格する必要あり。Check rideのようなものなので、IPCの際には試験官とのフライトになります。
※英文での説明だと・・・ If the instrument currencty whould be expired and after within 6 calendar month, you may not act PIC. So you have to perform the prescribed IFR experience with safety pilot or passes IPC
期限が切れて6か月以上の場合（Current 6か月+6か月＝1年以上たった場合）
IPCを受けて合格する必要あり。
条文は下記の通りです。
※2022年1月現在。内容が更新されている可能性もありますので、FAR61.56＆61.57を確認ください。
§ 61.56 - Flight review.(一部略)
(a) Except as provided in paragraphs (b) and (f) of this section, a flight review consists of a minimum of 1 hour of flight training and 1 hour of ground training. The review must include:
(1) A review of the current general operating and flight rules of part 91 of this chapter; and
(2) A review of those maneuvers and procedures that, at the discretion of the person giving the review, are necessary for the pilot to demonstrate the safe exercise of the privileges of the pilot certificate
(c) Except as provided in paragraphs (d), (e), and (g) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft unless, since the beginning of the 24th calendar month before the month in which that pilot acts as pilot in command, that person has—
(1) Accomplished a flight review given in an aircraft for which that pilot is rated by an authorized instructor and
(2) A logbook endorsed from an authorized instructor who gave the review certifying that the person has satisfactorily completed the review.
§ 61.57 Recent flight experience: (一部略)
(a) General experience.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers or of an aircraft certificated for more than one pilot flight crewmember unless that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings within the preceding 90 days, and—
(i) The person acted as the sole manipulator of the flight controls; and
(ii) The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is required), and, if the aircraft to be flown is an airplane with a tailwheel, the takeoffs and landings must have been made to a full stop in an airplane with a tailwheel.
(2) For the purpose of meeting the requirements of paragraph (a)(1) of this section, a person may act as a pilot in command of an aircraft under day VFR or day IFR, provided no persons or property are carried on board the aircraft, other than those necessary for the conduct of the flight.
(3) The takeoffs and landings required by paragraph (a)(1) of this section may be accomplished in a flight simulator or flight training device that is—
(i) Approved by the Administrator for landings; and
(ii) Used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.
(b) Night takeoff and landing experience.
(1) Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command of an aircraft carrying passengers during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, unless within the preceding 90 days that person has made at least three takeoffs and three landings to a full stop during the period beginning 1 hour after sunset and ending 1 hour before sunrise, and—
(i) That person acted as sole manipulator of the flight controls; and
(ii) The required takeoffs and landings were performed in an aircraft of the same category, class, and type (if a type rating is required).
(2) The takeoffs and landings required by paragraph (b)(1) of this section may be accomplished in a flight simulator that is—
(i) Approved by the Administrator for takeoffs and landings, if the visual system is adjusted to represent the period described in paragraph (b)(1) of this section; and
(ii) Used in accordance with an approved course conducted by a training center certificated under part 142 of this chapter.
(c) Instrument experience. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, no person may act as pilot in command under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR, unless within the preceding 6 calendar months, that person has:
(1) For the purpose of obtaining instrument experience in an aircraft (other than a glider), performed and logged under actual or simulated instrument conditions, either in flight in the appropriate category of aircraft for the instrument privileges sought or in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of the aircraft category for the instrument privileges sought—
(i) At least six instrument approaches;
(ii) Holding procedures; and
(iii) Intercepting and tracking courses through the use of navigation systems.
(2) For the purpose of obtaining instrument experience in a glider, performed and logged under actual or simulated instrument conditions—
(i) At least 3 hours of instrument time in flight, of which 1 1/2 hours may be acquired in an airplane or a glider if no passengers are to be carried; or
(ii) 3 hours of instrument time in flight in a glider if a passenger is to be carried.
(d) Instrument proficiency check. Except as provided in paragraph (e) of this section, a person who does not meet the instrument experience requirements of paragraph (c) of this section within the prescribed time, or within 6 calendar months after the prescribed time, may not serve as pilot in command under IFR or in weather conditions less than the minimums prescribed for VFR until that person passes an instrument proficiency check consisting of a representative number of tasks required by the instrument rating practical test.
(1) The instrument proficiency check must be—
(i) In an aircraft that is appropriate to the aircraft category;
(ii) For other than a glider, in a flight simulator or flight training device that is representative of the aircraft category; or
(iii) For a glider, in a single-engine airplane or a glider.
(2) The instrument proficiency check must be given by—
(i) An examiner;
(ii) A person authorized by the U.S. Armed Forces to conduct instrument flight tests, provided the person being tested is a member of the U.S. Armed Forces;
(iii) A company check pilot who is authorized to conduct instrument flight tests under part 121, 125, or 135 of this chapter or subpart K of part 91 of this chapter, and provided that both the check pilot and the pilot being tested are employees of that operator or fractional ownership program manager, as applicable;
(iv) An authorized instructor; or
(v) A person approved by the Administrator to conduct instrument practical tests.
(e) Exceptions.
(1) Paragraphs (a) and (b) of this section do not apply to a pilot in command who is employed by a certificate holder under part 125 and engaged in a flight operation for that certificate holder if the pilot is in compliance with §§125.281 and 125.285 of this chapter.
(2) This section does not apply to a pilot in command who is employed by an air carrier certificated under part 121 or 135 and is engaged in a flight operation under part 91, 121, or 135 for that air carrier if the pilot is in compliance with §§121.437 and 121.439, or §§135.243 and 135.247 of this chapter, as appropriate.
(3) Paragraph (b) of this section does not apply to a pilot in command of a turbine-powered airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember, provided that pilot has complied with the requirements of paragraph (e)(3)(i) or (ii) of this section:
(i) The pilot in command must hold at least a commercial pilot certificate with the appropriate category, class, and type rating for each airplane that is type certificated for more than one pilot crewmember that the pilot seeks to operate under this alternative, and:
最後までお付き合いいただきありがとうございました。
条文が更新された場合や、間違っている箇所がありましたらコメントください。